Macropa Scaffold Expansion for Actinium-225 Chelation: A Synthetic Strategy, Labeling Kinetics, and Theoretical Calculations

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Nils F. Baier - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Patrick Cieslik - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Henning Rudolf - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Marc Pretze - , Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden (Author)
  • Björn Wängler - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Ralf Schirrmacher - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • Lutz Greb - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Gert Fricker - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Zoltán Varga - , University of Minnesota - College of Science and Engineering (Author)
  • Attila Kovács - , European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute (Author)
  • Carmen Wängler - , Heidelberg University  (Author)

Abstract

225Ac is a key α-emitter for targeted alpha therapy. Among available chelators, Macropa currently provides some of the most stable 225Ac complexes, yet the limited stability of [225Ac]Ac–Macropa indicates a further optimization potential. Here, we report the design and evaluation of a new Ac3+ chelator, coined Megapa, and assessed its suitability to produce stably labeled 225Ac-based radiopharmaceuticals using radiochemical and computational methods. Unexpectedly, Megapa showed poorer radiolabeling performance than Macropa, showing reduced 225Ac incorporation (80.2 ± 2.9% RCC vs quantitative labeling) across multiple conditions tested. In addition, [225Ac]Ac–Megapa displayed lower kinetic inertness than [225Ac]Ac–Macropa, with lower stability in human serum (45.8% intact after 7 days vs no detectable degradation) and substantially higher 225Ac release in La3+ challenge experiments (64.3% vs 0.7%). Thermodynamic stability studies supported these results, indicating a lower thermodynamic stability of La–Megapa compared to La–Macropa (log KLaL of 10.53 vs 13.90). To rationalize these findings, quantum chemical calculations were performed on the Ac3+ and La3+ complexes of Megapa and Macropa. The computed low-energy structures were closely analogous for both chelators, indicating that the differing radiochemical behavior is unlikely to arise from intrinsic metal–ligand bonding. Instead, solvation effects and solution-phase molecular interactions are the most probable contributors to the poorer performance of Megapa.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)9769-9786
Number of pages18
JournalInorganic chemistry
Volume65
Issue number18
Publication statusPublished - 11 May 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 42055534
ORCID /0000-0002-6432-5694/work/219976895