The leaching performance and leaching kinetics of LiFePO4 (LFP) and Al in Al-bearing spent LFP cathode powder were systematically studied. The effects of temperature (273−368 K), stirring speed (200−950 r/min), reaction time (0−240 min), acid-to-material ratio (0.1:1−1:1 mL/g) and liquid-to-solid ratio (3:1−9:1 mL/g) on the leaching process were investigated. The results show that the concentration of reactants and the temperature have a greater impact on the leaching of Al. Under the optimal conditions, leaching efficiencies of LFP and Al are 91.53% and 15.98%, respectively. The kinetic study shows that the leaching of LFP is kinetically controlled by mixed surface reaction and diffusion, with an activation energy of 22.990 kJ/mol; whereas the leaching of Al is only controlled by surface chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 46.581 kJ/mol. A low leaching temperature can effectively suppress the dissolving of Al during the acid leaching of the spent LFP cathode material.