Intravital imaging of hemodynamic glomerular effects of enalapril or/and empagliflozin in STZ-diabetic mice

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Abstract

Background: Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Administration of ACE inhibitors or/and SGLT2 inhibitors show renoprotective effects in diabetic and other kidney diseases. The underlying renoprotective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition, especially in combination with ACE inhibition, are incompletely understood. We used longitudinal intravital microscopy to directly elucidate glomerular hemodynamics on a single nephron level in response to the ACE inhibitor enalapril or/and the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. Methods: Five weeks after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with enalapril, empagliflozin, enalapril/empagliflozin or placebo for 3 days. To identify hemodynamic regulation mechanisms, longitudinal intravital multiphoton microscopy was employed to measure single nephron glomerular filtration rate (snGFR) and afferent/efferent arteriole width. Results: Diabetic mice presented a significant hyperfiltration. Compared to placebo treatment, snGFR was reduced in response to enalapril, empagliflozin, or enalapril/empagliflozin administration under diabetic conditions. While enalapril treatment caused significant dilation of the efferent arteriole (12.55 ± 1.46 µm vs. control 11.92 ± 1.04 µm, p < 0.05), empagliflozin led to a decreased afferent arteriole diameter (11.19 ± 2.55 µm vs. control 12.35 ± 1.32 µm, p < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Unexpectedly under diabetic conditions, the combined treatment with enalapril/empagliflozin had no effects on both afferent and efferent arteriole diameter change. Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibition, besides ACE inhibition, is an essential hemodynamic regulator of glomerular filtration during diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, additional mechanisms—independent from hemodynamic regulation—are involved in the nephroprotective effects especially of the combination therapy and should be further explored in future studies.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number982722
Number of pages10
JournalFrontiers in physiology
Volume13
Publication statusPublished - 12 Sept 2022
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85138803190
PubMed 36171965
WOS 000861126200001
Mendeley 58534a75-6e53-3e2a-ab6a-0a1d761b877f
unpaywall 10.3389/fphys.2022.982722
ORCID /0000-0003-2739-345X/work/142239605

Keywords

Research priority areas of TU Dresden

Sustainable Development Goals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • ACE inhibition, SGLT2 inhbition, STZ (streptozocin), Type 1 diabetes mellitus, hemodynamic, intravital 2-photon microscopy, single nephron GFR

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