The role of transportation system in ensuring equitable access to essential services and promptly recovering it post-disaster is critical to community resilience. This research introduces a framework aiming to strengthen transportation systems against external shocks, with an emphasis on geographical equity. To evaluate equity and address multiple network design objectives, we develop a two-level consolidated resilience index that measures network performance and community equity, employing a data-driven analytic hierarchy process for objective metric weighting, surpassing traditional expert scoring methods. Furthermore, we have implemented an equity-weighted Shapley value method to prioritize candidate links prior to investment. Finally, we have established a multi-objective bi-level program that integrates traffic distribution and travel behavior analysis. Our findings reveal that integrating equity considerations into candidate links selection phase significantly enhances fairness outcomes. The results also underscore the inseparable relationship between pursuing fairness and efficiency. This framework could potentially extend to other transportation systems’ investment strategies during the preparation phase, contributing to broader applications in resilience planning.