Scholars contend that governance structure, whether community-facilitated or state-facilitated natural resource management, shape environmental resource use. However, the complex manifestations of institutions and governance structure suggest the need for a continual application of mixed-method analytical approaches to understand the environmental resource use outcomes linked to individual effects and the interaction of both state- and community-based governance structure. This paper addresses the current lacunae, by quantitatively analyzing the effects of community-facilitated and state-facilitated natural resource management on the exploitation of environmental resources in rural Mozambique. The common pool resource literature holds that community-based institutions either countervail or complement state institutions. We examine this hypothesis by introducing an interaction term to test for the dominance of one type of institution over another. We use heteroscedasticity-based instrumental variables estimation and data collected from 238 households in seven villages of the Mangalane community, located in the Gaza province. These data were complemented by key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The results reveal the following: (i) both the community-facilitated natural resource management and the interaction term play a significant role in constraining participation in environmental resource extraction; (ii) community-facilitated natural resource management are among the important drivers of relative environmental income; and (iii) although community-facilitated natural resource management show a positive and highly significant influence in shaping environmental resource extraction, state-facilitated natural resource management dominance is prevalent in this context. This paper not only sheds light on the relative influence of both community-facilitated and state-facilitated natural resource management, it also provides useful insights for future studies on institutional change in resource management settings of Africa.