Industrieller Wassereinsatz für Kühlwasser und Dampferzeugung (engl: Industrial use of water for cooling water and steam generation)
Research output: Types of Thesis › Bachelor thesis
Contributors
Abstract
Wasser wird in großen Mengen von Industriebetrieben bezogen, da es für die Mehrzahl an Produktionsprozessen unabdingbar ist. Dabei werden jährlich von den insgesamt 27,2 Mrd. m³ Wasser, welche im gesamten nichtöffentlichen Bereich Deutschlands eingesetzt werden, mehr als 25 Mrd. m³ zur Kühlung genutzt. Dafür gewinnen die Industriebetriebe einen Großteil des Wassers selbst, wobei oftmals die Oberflächengewässer als Hauptbezugsquelle fungieren. Den mit Abstand höchsten Wassereinsatz haben dabei die Betriebe der Energieversorgung, die ca. 75 % des Gesamtfrischwassereinsatzes für sich einnehmen. Dieses Wasser wird fast ausschließlich als Kühlwasser eingesetzt. Neben der Energieversorgung hat das Verarbeitende Gewerbe ebenfalls einen maßgeblichen Anteil am hohen industriellen Wassereinsatz in Deutschland. Branchenübergreifend überwiegt die Einfachnutzung des eingesetzten Wassers, sodass dieses nach einmaliger Verwendung direkt wieder abgeleitet wird. Oftmals handelt es sich auch hier um Kühlwasser. Höher ist allerdings der Anteil an kreislaufgenutztem Wasser, welches zur Dampferzeugung eingesetzt wird. Die Anforderungen an Wasser, welches zur Kühlung bzw. der Dampferzeugung genutzt wird, sind sehr hoch, sodass schon vermeintlich geringe Verunreinigungen erhebliche Schäden in Kühlsystemen oder Dampferzeugungsanlagen verursachen können, sodass zur Vermeidung komplexe Aufbereitungsverfahren erforderlich sind.
Water is purchased in large quantities from industrial companies as it is essential for the majority of production processes. More than 25 billion m³ of the total of 27.2 billion m³ of water used in the entire non-public area of Germany are used for cooling every year. For this, the industrial companies obtain a large part of the water themselves, with surface water often acting as the main source of supply. By far the highest use of water is in the energy supply companies, which account for around 75% of the total use of fresh water. This water is used almost exclusively as cooling water. In addition to the energy supply, the processing industry also has a significant share in the high industrial use of water in Germany. Across all sectors, the single use of the water used predominates, so that it is drained off again immediately after it has been used once. Cooling water is often involved here as well. However, the proportion of recirculated water used to generate steam is higher. The requirements for water used for cooling or steam generation are very high, so that even supposedly small amounts of contamination can cause significant damage in cooling systems or steam generation plants, so that complex treatment processes are required to avoid it.
Water is purchased in large quantities from industrial companies as it is essential for the majority of production processes. More than 25 billion m³ of the total of 27.2 billion m³ of water used in the entire non-public area of Germany are used for cooling every year. For this, the industrial companies obtain a large part of the water themselves, with surface water often acting as the main source of supply. By far the highest use of water is in the energy supply companies, which account for around 75% of the total use of fresh water. This water is used almost exclusively as cooling water. In addition to the energy supply, the processing industry also has a significant share in the high industrial use of water in Germany. Across all sectors, the single use of the water used predominates, so that it is drained off again immediately after it has been used once. Cooling water is often involved here as well. However, the proportion of recirculated water used to generate steam is higher. The requirements for water used for cooling or steam generation are very high, so that even supposedly small amounts of contamination can cause significant damage in cooling systems or steam generation plants, so that complex treatment processes are required to avoid it.
Details
Original language | German |
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Qualification level | Bachelor of Science |
Awarding Institution | |
Supervisors/Advisors |
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Defense Date (Date of certificate) | 4 May 2016 |
Publication status | Published - 2016 |
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Keywords
Research priority areas of TU Dresden
DFG Classification of Subject Areas according to Review Boards
Subject groups, research areas, subject areas according to Destatis
Sustainable Development Goals
Keywords
- Kühlwasser, Dampferzeugung, Konditionierung, Energieversorgung, Verarbeitendes Gewerbe, industrieller Wassereinsatz, Wassernutzung