In-context learning enables multimodal large language models to classify cancer pathology images
Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
Medical image classification requires labeled, task-specific datasets which are used to train deep learning networks de novo, or to fine-tune foundation models. However, this process is computationally and technically demanding. In language processing, in-context learning provides an alternative, where models learn from within prompts, bypassing the need for parameter updates. Yet, in-context learning remains underexplored in medical image analysis. Here, we systematically evaluate the model Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 with Vision capabilities (GPT-4V) on cancer image processing with in-context learning on three cancer histopathology tasks of high importance: Classification of tissue subtypes in colorectal cancer, colon polyp subtyping and breast tumor detection in lymph node sections. Our results show that in-context learning is sufficient to match or even outperform specialized neural networks trained for particular tasks, while only requiring a minimal number of samples. In summary, this study demonstrates that large vision language models trained on non-domain specific data can be applied out-of-the box to solve medical image-processing tasks in histopathology. This democratizes access of generalist AI models to medical experts without technical background especially for areas where annotated data is scarce.
Details
Original language | English |
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Article number | 10104 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Nature communications |
Volume | 15 (2024) |
Issue number | 1 |
Publication status | Published - 21 Nov 2024 |
Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
PubMed | 39572531 |
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