Hydraulic Activation of Stomata Induced by Hygroscopic Fertilizer Salts Alters Crop Carbon–Water Exchange: Field Evidence From Cereal Crops

Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review

Contributors

  • Shuaishuai Deng - , Université Paris-Saclay (Author)
  • Jürgen Burkhardt - , University of Bonn (Author)
  • Ronny Lauerwald - , Université Paris-Saclay (Author)
  • Christophe Flechard - , Agrocampus Ouest (Author)
  • Jürgen Knauer - , University of Technology Sydney (Author)
  • Carmen Kalalian - , Université Paris-Saclay (Author)
  • Benjamin Dumont - , University of Liege (Author)
  • Matthias Mauder - , Chair of Meteorology (Author)
  • Christian Brümmer - , Johann Heinrich von Thunen Institute (Author)
  • Nicolas Viovy - , Université Paris-Saclay (Author)
  • Benjamin Loubet - , Université Paris-Saclay (Author)

Abstract

Hydraulic activation of stomata (HAS), driven by hygroscopic salt films on leaf surfaces, can create an additional pathway for water loss beyond conventional stomatal vapour diffusion, yet this process remains largely overlooked in studies of plant–atmosphere interactions. We conducted the first field-based assessment of HAS-related responses following foliar interception of hygroscopic urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer, using eddy covariance (EC) data from five cropland sites (2005–2021). During the 10-day period following UAN application, vegetation conductance (Gveg) increased significantly across barley, winter wheat and maize, while significant increases in the marginal water cost of carbon gain (λ) and stomatal sensitivity (G1) were observed in barley and winter wheat. This pattern could not be attributed to changes in canopy microclimatic conditions or short-term crop growth, and was not observed with alternative liquid mineral fertilizers. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and inferred transpiration (T) also increased following UAN application, with generally greater responses in T than in GPP in most crop–site combinations. The results suggest that UAN-induced HAS alters crop carbon–water exchange at the ecosystem scale. Neglecting HAS in current models may bias predictions of ecosystem water use in fertilized cereals, with broader implications under widespread hygroscopic aerosol deposition.

Details

Original languageEnglish
JournalPlant, Cell and Environment
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 8 Sept 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

ORCID /0000-0002-8789-163X/work/228234950

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • crop carbon–water exchange, eddy covariance, hydraulic activation of stomata, hygroscopic liquid fertilizer, plant–atmosphere interactions