High Power Density Micro Thermoelectric Generators for Powering IoTs

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

Abstract

Micro thermoelectric generators (µTEGs) can harvest waste heat to generate electricity, making them a potential solution to the growing problem of powering autonomous electronics, such as sensors for the Internet of Things. Until now, µTEGs have not been able to provide power for these applications. This is because the output power of µTEGs is limited due to insufficient contacts and poor thermal coupling between the device and the heat source. In this work, the contact resistance as well as the thermal coupling between the heat source and the device through process optimization are improved. The former by improved electrochemical deposition (ECD) conditions, the latter by introducing a thin solder adhesion layer, which smooths the uneven surface of µTEG due to its good wetting properties. Using these improvements in combination with optimized packing density, here the fabrication and characterization of a µTEG with 126 leg pairs connected in series are reported that exhibits an open circuit voltage of 339.2 mV at a temperature difference of 20.6 K and a record-high normalized power density of 25.1 µW cm−2 K−2 for ECD based µTEGs. This µTEG is used to power a temperature sensor, bringing this work one step closer to application.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number2400198
Number of pages9
JournalAdvanced electronic materials
Volume11 (2025)
Issue number2
Early online date14 Nov 2024
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2025
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

ORCID /0000-0001-6778-7846/work/177870075

Keywords

Keywords

  • contact resistance, electrochemical deposition, geometry optimization, micro thermoelectric devices, thermoelectric devices