Herstellung und Entstehung von Mikro-Plastik und dessen Eintrag in die aquatische Umwelt unter Berücksichtigung des Schadpotenzials verschiedener Kunststoffarten (engl.: Production and formation of micro-plastic and its entry into the aquatic environment, taking into account the damage potential of different types of plastic)
Research output: Types of thesis › Bachelor thesis
Contributors
Abstract
Jedes Jahr werden etwa 300 Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffe produziert. Die größten Mengen sind die Thermoplaste, die auch am häufigsten in den Gewässern als Plastikmüll gefunden werden. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Verschmutzung der Gewässer durch Mikroplastik. Dies sind Kunststoffe kleiner 5 mm, die bereits in allen Weltmeeren und zunehmend auch in Süßgewässern nachgewiesen werden. Plastik unterliegt zahlreichen Abbauprozessen, wobei der photooxidative Abbau und der mechanisch(-chemische) Abbau die Hauptmechanismen sind. Mikroplastik enthält Additive, wie Weichmacher und bromierte Flammschutzmittel, und Restmonomere (z. Bsp. Vinylchlorid) die gesundheitsgefährlich sind und in die Gewässer gelangen können. Mikroplastik kann von Lebewesen aufgenommen werden und die Schadstoffe direkt in den Organismus auslaugen. Mikroplastik ist nicht nur Schadstoffquelle, sondern kann auch persistente organische Schadstoffe (POP) adsorbieren, die besonders bioakkumulativ und toxisch sind. Zu ihnen zählen die polycyclischen aroma-tischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK), die polychlorierten Biphenyle (PCB) und das Insektizid DDT mit seinen Metaboliten. Besonders zu Polyethylen zeigen POPs eine große Affinität. Mikroplastik verbleibt sehr lange in der Umwelt und ist damit Langzeitquelle für Schadstoffe und erhöht zusätzlich die Persistenz von gefährlichen organischen Schadstoffen im aquatischen Ökosystem.
About 300 million tons of plastics are produced every year. The largest amounts are thermoplastics, which are also most commonly found in water bodies as plastic waste. This work deals with the pollution of water bodies by microplastics. These are plastics smaller than 5 mm, which are already found in all oceans and increasingly also in fresh water. Plastic is subject to numerous degradation processes, with photo-oxidative degradation and mechanical (chemical) degradation being the main mechanisms. Microplastics contain additives such as plasticizers and brominated flame retardants, and residual monomers (e.g. vinyl chloride) that are hazardous to health and can get into water. Microplastics can be ingested by living beings and leach the pollutants directly into the organism. Microplastics are not only a source of pollutants, but can also adsorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are particularly bioaccumulative and toxic. They include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the insecticide DDT with its metabolites. POPs show a great affinity for polyethylene in particular. Microplastics remain in the environment for a very long time and are therefore a long-term source of pollutants and also increase the persistence of hazardous organic pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem.
About 300 million tons of plastics are produced every year. The largest amounts are thermoplastics, which are also most commonly found in water bodies as plastic waste. This work deals with the pollution of water bodies by microplastics. These are plastics smaller than 5 mm, which are already found in all oceans and increasingly also in fresh water. Plastic is subject to numerous degradation processes, with photo-oxidative degradation and mechanical (chemical) degradation being the main mechanisms. Microplastics contain additives such as plasticizers and brominated flame retardants, and residual monomers (e.g. vinyl chloride) that are hazardous to health and can get into water. Microplastics can be ingested by living beings and leach the pollutants directly into the organism. Microplastics are not only a source of pollutants, but can also adsorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are particularly bioaccumulative and toxic. They include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the insecticide DDT with its metabolites. POPs show a great affinity for polyethylene in particular. Microplastics remain in the environment for a very long time and are therefore a long-term source of pollutants and also increase the persistence of hazardous organic pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem.
Details
Original language | German |
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Qualification level | Bachelor of Science |
Awarding Institution | |
Supervisors/Advisors |
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Defense Date (Date of certificate) | 27 Jul 2015 |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
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Keywords
Research priority areas of TU Dresden
DFG Classification of Subject Areas according to Review Boards
Subject groups, research areas, subject areas according to Destatis
Sustainable Development Goals
Keywords
- Kunststoff, Mikroplastik, Schadstoffe, POP, Umweltverschmutzung, Additive, Süßgewässer, marine Gewässer, Abbau