This report describes the work done for three of the main work packages for the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) version 5.1. The first part explains the deterioration functions related to increasing vehicle mileage for
passenger cars, light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. The add-on emissions due to deterioration can reach significant levels until the end of vehicle life. They can be even higher than the emission limits themselves in some specific cases. The next section illustrates the elaboration of the Euro 7 emission models. Since Euro 7 vehicles are not yet on the road, the emission models are derived from the latest Euro 6/VI models in order to meet the Euro 7 development targets defined by TU Graz (50 % of the limit) in worst-case test situations. The emission reductions from Euro 6/VI to Euro 7 can be up to 90 percent, but for some components also an emission increase is possible. The last part describes the integration of additional relevant non-regulated pollutants into HBEFA, which are Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyd, Isocyanic acid and Nitrous acid. For Euro 6/VI vehicles test data were available and could be used for setting up emission maps. For the emission factors for former emission standards correction factors were derived based on test data and literature research.