From Coverage to Sensing: ISAC Meets FR3

Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review

Contributors

  • Ahmad Bazzi - , New York University Abu Dhabi, NYU WIRELESS (Author)
  • Florian Gast - , Barkhausen Institut (Author)
  • Fan Liu - , Southeast University, Nanjing (Author)
  • Shi Jin - , Southeast University, Nanjing (Author)
  • Gerhard Fettweis - , Vodafone Chair of Mobile Communications Systems, Clusters of Excellence CeTI: Centre for Tactile Internet, Barkhausen Institut, BMBF Research Hub 6G-Life, 5G Lab Germany at TU Dresden , SEMECO - Secure medical microsystems and communications (Author)
  • Marwa Chafii - , New York University Abu Dhabi, NYU WIRELESS (Author)

Abstract

Future 6G systems are expected to exploit upper midband spectrum in frequency range 3 (FR3) not only for high throughput communications, but also for sensing services such as localization, detection, and situational awareness. The following article develops a concrete path from today's coverage-oriented deployments to FR3 networks that treat sensing as a native function. We first show how existing FR2 radars can be time-multiplexed and coordinated under a $6$G medium access control as radar-as-a-service, forming a bridge between legacy sensing and network-managed integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). We then propose a hierarchical FR3 beam-alignment strategy in which coarse access occurs at lower frequencies and refinement occurs at upper FR3, and quantify the resulting sensing and communication capabilities via range-angle Cramer-Rao bounds in the near field. We identify intra- and inter-beam squint phenomena specific to wideband FR3 arrays, and discuss design approaches to mitigate them. On the signal-processing side, we argue that FR3 sensing cannot rely solely on pilot resources and discuss how much sensing information can be extracted from payload resource elements. We further highlight the role of calibrated FR3 channel simulators and real-time models as the core of wireless digital twins for training and evaluating ISAC algorithms, and discuss how massive MIMO and dense or distributed deployments at FR3 naturally act as large reconfigurable sensor arrays.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Number of pages7
JournalIEEE communications magazine
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - Jun 2026
Peer-reviewedYes