There are two plausible constraints on knowledge: (i) knowledge is closed under competent deduction; and (ii) knowledge answers to a safety condition. However, various
authors, including Kvanvig (2004), Murphy (2005, 2006) and Alspector-Kelly (2011),
argue that beliefs competently deduced from knowledge can sometimes fail to be safe.
This paper responds that one can uphold (i) and (ii) by relativizing safety to methods
and argues further that in order to do so, methods should be individuated externally.