Enhancing Survey Methodology and Analysis of Large-Scale German Household Travel Surveys: The Impact of Data Harmonization, Fusion, Hierarchical Structures, and Weighting

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articleContributedpeer-review

Abstract

In recent years, awareness of the methodological implications of hierarchical data structures on statistics has noticeably increased in the field of travel behavior research based on Household Travel Surveys (HTSs). Addressing methodological challenges such as data harmonization, the influence of hierarchically structured data on the analysis, and the effects of survey-specific elements like clustering on accuracy is essential from both methodological and analytical perspectives. This study deals with both aspects using two large-scale repeated cross-sectional HTSs from Germany. The results strongly advocate undertaking the effort of data harmonization and fusion as a highly promising approach to increase the utility of these surveys. Furthermore, it is highly recommended to account for the hierarchical data structure of HTSs using multi-level modeling techniques. We find no evidence that the application of weights in statistical explanatory models for car use significantly affects the model results. In terms of travel behavior, our results largely confirm previous studies: car availability on the reporting day is the strongest factor in increasing car use, while the availability of a public transport season ticket has the greatest effect on reducing it.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)78–88
Number of pages11
JournalTransportation Research Procedia
Volume97
Publication statusPublished - 5 Jun 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

ORCID /0000-0002-6028-6317/work/217235939
ORCID /0000-0001-7857-3077/work/217237186
Scopus 105041977601

Keywords

Keywords

  • Generalized Linear Mixed Model, Multi-Level Modeling, Weighting, Data Harmonization, Household Travel Survey