Electroactive metal–organic frameworks have emerged as a promising class of materials for electrocatalysis owing to their large surface area and versatile structural design. Recent advances have highlighted their potential in a broad range of energy and environmentally relevant electrochemical transformations, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and the production of fine chemicals from biomass. This review provides a comprehensive overview of design strategies, selected structure-property relationships, and recent progress in the application of MOFs for electrocatalytic processes. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging directions, such as hybrid composites and the use of MOFs in paired electrolysis systems. Challenges related to stability, conductivity, and scalability are also discussed, along with potential solutions. By summarising current trends and identifying knowledge gaps, this review aims to provide insights into the rational design of next-generation MOF-based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion and chemical synthesis.