Direct observation of active protein folding using lock-in force spectroscopy

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Technical University of Munich
  • Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

Abstract

Direct observation of the folding of a single polypeptide chain can provide important information about the thermodynamic states populated along its folding pathway. In this study, we present a lock-in force-spectroscopy technique that improves resolution of atomic-force microscopy force spectroscopy to 400 fN. Using this technique we show that immunoglobulin domain 4 from Dictyostelium discoideum. lamin (ddFLN4) refolds against forces of similar to 4 pN. Our data show folding of this domain proceeds directly from an extended state and no thermodynamically distinct collapsed state of the polypeptide before folding is populated. Folding of ddFLN4 under load proceeds via an intermediate state. Three-state folding allows ddFLN4 to fold against significantly larger forces than would be possible for a mere two-state folder. We present a general model for protein folding kinetics under load that can predict refolding forces based on chain-length and zero force refolding rate.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3989-3998
Number of pages10
JournalBiophysical journal
Volume93
Issue number11
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2007
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 36849080807
ORCID /0000-0002-6209-2364/work/142237652

Keywords

Keywords

  • SINGLE PROTEIN, DISTRIBUTIONS, ELASTICITY, MOLECULES, STRENGTH, KINETICS, COLLAPSE, ADHESION, ENERGY