Laser-assisted modification of metals, polymers or ceramics yields a precise adjustment of wettability, biocompatibility or tribological properties for a broad range of applications. Due to a specific change of surface topography on micro- and nanometer scale, new functional properties can be achieved. A rather new scientific and technical approach is the laser-assisted surface modification and structuring of metallic current collector foils for lithium-ion batteries. Prior to the thick film electrode coating processes, the formation of micro/nano-scaled surface topographies on current collectors can offer better interface adhesion, mechanical anchoring, electrical contact and reduced mechanical stress during cycling. These features in turn impact on the battery performance and the battery life-time. In order to generate the 3D surface architectures on metallic current collectors, two advanced laser processing structuring technologies: direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and ultrafast laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) were applied in this study. After laser structuring via DLIP and LIPSS, composite electrode materials were deposited by tape-casting on the modified current collectors. The electrode film adhesion was characterized by tensile strength measurements. The impact of various surface structures on the improvement of adhesive strength was discussed.