Olfactory disorders can occur even in childhood. In the majority of olfactory disorders in this age group they are congenital in nature. Congenital olfactory disorders can be further classified into isolated and syndromic forms. The most frequent cause of acquired olfactory disorders is posttraumatic olfactory defects following traumatic brain injury. Age-appropriate, validated and reliable tests are available to assess olfactory function. In acquired olfactory disorders, interventions such as olfactory training can represent a therapeutic option, depending on the underlying cause. Currently, no treatment is available for congenital olfactory disorders, making detailed counselling regarding potential impacts on daily life, including hygiene measures and hazard recognition, essential.