Diagnosing Autoimmune Hepatitis: Histological Correlations and Emerging Technologies

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Giorgio Cazzaniga - , University of Milan - Bicocca (Author)
  • Francesca Bolis - , Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan - Bicocca (Author)
  • Chiara Caime - , University of Milan - Bicocca (Author)
  • Rocco Piazza - , University of Milan - Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori (Author)
  • Laura Žigutytė - , Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (Author)
  • Jakob Nikolas Kather - , Department of Internal Medicine I, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg (Author)
  • Fabio Pagni - , University of Milan - Bicocca (Author)
  • Pietro Invernizzi - , University of Milan - Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori (Author)
  • Marco Carbone - , Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan - Bicocca (Author)
  • Alessio Gerussi - , University of Milan - Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori (Author)

Abstract

The diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a multifaceted process that relies on the intricate interplay of histological, serological, and biochemical findings. Liver histology remains a sine qua non tool for AIH diagnosis, yet correlating pathological findings with other clinical variables is often challenging. Additionally, the heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of AIH, ranging from asymptomatic cases to fulminant liver failure, further complicates the diagnostic process by introducing variability in the interpretation of these diagnostic components. This review summarises empirical observations on the correlation between histological changes in AIH and other clinical manifestations, highlighting gaps in the current evidence. It also explores how emerging techniques, such as spatial omics and computational pathology, can enhance our understanding of the disease and help bridge these gaps.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere70377
JournalLiver international
Volume45
Issue number11
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2025
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 41065292
ORCID /0009-0000-2447-2959/work/195442245
ORCID /0000-0002-3730-5348/work/198594709

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • autoimmunity, computational pathology, liver, liver pathology