In order to improve the predictability of the mechanical behavior of veneer composite materials, such as plywood or laminated veneer lumber, calculations and simulations require material data for their single layers (veneer). Until now, two factors have prevented this from being achieved. First, complete material parameters and raw data describing the mechanical behavior of rotary-cut veneer are unavailable in the literature. Second, there are no standardized or suitable test methods for determining the necessary mechanical properties. This article presents suitable test methods for determining the mechanical behavior of rotary-cut veneer under tensile, compressive, and shear loads, as well as the resulting material data sets. These data sets, obtained from rotary-cut veneer of European beech and birch, are available in the Zenodo open data repository.