Can immersive olfactory training serve as an alternative treatment for patients with smell dysfunction?
Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
Objectives: Olfactory training (OT) has emerged as a first-line therapeutic approach to the management of olfactory dysfunction. Conventional OT (COT) involves the systematic home-based exposure to four distinct odors. Previous research has demonstrated that immersive OT (IOT) involving full-body exposure to dozens of distinct odors could also improve overall olfactory function. This study compared IOT and COT in terms of efficacy. Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled and assigned to three groups. The IOT group (n = 25) underwent immersive exposure to 64 odors once daily in a specialized theater. COT participants (n = 17) sniffed four typical odors in a set of four jars twice daily at home. A control group (n = 18) underwent passive observation. Olfactory function was assessed before and after training. Results: Significant improvements in composite threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) scores were observed after training in both the IOT (mean difference = 2.5 ± 1.1. p =.030) and COT (mean difference = 4.2 ± 1.3, p =.002) groups. No changes were observed in the control group. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the COT group (41%) presented improvements of clinical importance (TDI ≥5.5) compared to the controls (p =.018). The improvements attained in the IOT group (20%) were less pronounced (p =.38). Conclusion: While IOT did not exhibit the same efficacy as COT in restoring olfactory function, it still demonstrated promising outcomes. Future efforts to advance olfactory recovery should focus on cross-modal integration. Level of Evidence: Level 3.
Details
Original language | English |
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Article number | e1270 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology |
Volume | 9 (2024) |
Issue number | 3 |
Publication status | Published - 11 Jun 2024 |
Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
ORCID | /0000-0001-9713-0183/work/162348753 |
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Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Keywords
- olfactory dysfunction, olfactory training, Sniffin' Sticks