Bulk Transfer Coefficients Estimated from Eddy-Covariance Measurements over Lakes and Reservoirs

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Sofya Guseva - , University of Koblenz (First author)
  • Fernando Armani - , Universidade Federal do Paraná (Author)
  • Ankur Rashmikant Desai - , University of Wisconsin-Madison (Author)
  • Nelson Luís Dias - , Universidade Federal do Paraná (Author)
  • Thomas Friborg - , University of Copenhagen (Author)
  • Hiroki Iwata - , Shinshu University (Author)
  • Joachim Jansen - , Uppsala University (Author)
  • Gabriella Lükö - , Budapest University of Technology and Economics (Author)
  • Ivan Mammarella - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Irina Repina - , Institut Fiziki Atmosfery Imeni A. M. Obukhova Ran (Author)
  • Anna Rutgersson - , Uppsala University (Author)
  • Torsten Sachs - , Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - German Research Centre for Geosciences (Author)
  • Katharina Scholz - , University of Innsbruck (Author)
  • Uwe Spank - , Chair of Meteorology (Author)
  • Victor M. Stepanenko - , Lomonosov Moscow State University (Author)
  • Péter Torma - , Budapest University of Technology and Economics (Author)
  • Timo Vesala - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Andreas Lorke - , University of Koblenz (Author)

Abstract

The drag coefficient, Stanton number and Dalton number are of particular importance for estimating the surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and water vapor using bulk parameterization. Although these bulk transfer coefficients have been extensively studied over the past several decades in marine and large-lake environments, there are no studies analyzing their variability for smaller lakes. Here, we evaluated these coefficients through directly measured surface fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique over more than 30 lakes and reservoirs of different sizes and depths. Our analysis showed that the transfer coefficients (adjusted to neutral atmospheric stability) were generally within the range reported in previous studies for large lakes and oceans. All transfer coefficients exhibit a substantial increase at low wind speeds (<3 m s−1), which was found to be associated with the presence of gusts and capillary waves (except Dalton number). Stanton number was found to be on average a factor of 1.3 higher than Dalton number, likely affecting the Bowen ratio method. At high wind speeds, the transfer coefficients remained relatively constant at values of 1.6·10−3, 1.4·10−3, 1.0·10−3, respectively. We found that the variability of the transfer coefficients among the lakes could be associated with lake surface area. In flux parameterizations at lake surfaces, it is recommended to consider variations in the drag coefficient and Stanton number due to wind gustiness and capillary wave roughness while Dalton number could be considered as constant at all wind speeds.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere2022JD037219
Number of pages20
JournalJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume128
Issue number2
Publication statusPublished - 27 Jan 2023
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85147101657
ORCID /0000-0003-1929-7353/work/165452695

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals