Bioresponsive, Electroactive, and Inkjet-Printable Graphene-Based Inks

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Alessandro Silvestri - , CIC biomaGUNE (Author)
  • Alejandro Criado - , CIC biomaGUNE (Author)
  • Fabrizio Poletti - , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Author)
  • Faxing Wang - , Chair of Molecular Functional Materials (cfaed) (Author)
  • Pablo Fanjul-Bolado - , S.L. Vivero Ciencias de la Salud (Author)
  • María B. González-García - , S.L. Vivero Ciencias de la Salud (Author)
  • Clara García-Astrain - , CIC biomaGUNE, CIBER - Center for Biomedical Research Network (Author)
  • Luis M. Liz-Marzán - , CIC biomaGUNE, CIBER - Center for Biomedical Research Network, University of the Basque Country, Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science (Author)
  • Xinliang Feng - , Chair of Molecular Functional Materials (cfaed) (Author)
  • Chiara Zanardi - , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) (Author)
  • Maurizio Prato - , CIC biomaGUNE, Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, University of Trieste (Author)

Abstract

With the advent of flexible electronics, the old fashioned and conventional solid-state technology will be replaced by conductive inks combined with low-cost printing techniques. Graphene is an ideal candidate to produce conductive inks, due to its excellent conductivity and zero bandgap. The possibility to chemically modify graphene with active molecules opens up the field of responsive conductive inks. Herein, a bioresponsive, electroactive, and inkjet-printable graphene ink is presented. The ink is based on graphene chemically modified with selected enzymes and an electrochemical mediator, to transduce the products of the enzymatic reaction into an electron flow, proportional to the analyte concentration. A water-based formulation is engineered to be respectful with the enzymatic activity while matching the stringent requirements of inkjet printing. The efficient electrochemical performance of the ink, as well as a proof-of-concept application in biosensing, is demonstrated. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by modifying graphene with various oxidoreductases, obtaining inks with selectivity toward glucose, lactate, methanol, and ethanol.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number2105028
JournalAdvanced functional materials
Volume32
Issue number2
Publication statusPublished - 10 Jan 2022
Peer-reviewedYes