‘Bad’ Indian English on Reddit

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Abstract

‘Bad language’ has been established as an informal cover term for linguistic forms and practices ranging from non-standard language to slang and ‘forbidden words’, such as expletives and swearwords. Despite substantial scholarly interest in the topic, there are only a handful of studies dealing with ‘bad language’ in Outer-Circle varieties of English. This study seeks to redress that imbalance by investigating ‘bad’ Indian English (IndE). Our dataset, a multi-million-word corpus of the contemporary IndE Reddit forums (or ‘subreddits’) r/indianews and r/IndiaSpeaks, displays extensive multilingual swearing, even though both subreddits express in their rules that users should not be abusive or offensive. This study thus presents the first comprehensive account of the forms, functions, and contexts of the common Hindi-derived swearwords madarchod ‘motherfucker’ and bhenchod ‘sisterfucker’ as well as the English expression *fucker as adapted to the Indian communicative space, such as in cowfucker.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)783-800
Number of pages18
Journal Asian Englishes : an international journal of the sociolinguistics of English in Asia, Pacific
Volume27
Issue number3
Early online date2 Sept 2025
Publication statusPublished - 2025
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

ORCID /0009-0006-9698-1799/work/191531261
Mendeley 80092281-5857-362f-886f-bed195eeed9d
Scopus 105014939269

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • swearing, Reddit, computer-mediated communication, Indian English, multilingualism