AutoFRS: an externally validated, annotation-free approach to computational preoperative complication risk stratification in pancreatic surgery - an experimental study

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), one of the most dreaded complications after pancreatic surgery, can be predicted from preoperative imaging and tabular clinical routine data. However, existing studies suffer from limited clinical applicability due to a need for manual data annotation and a lack of external validation. We propose AutoFRS (automated fistula risk score software), an externally validated end-to-end prediction tool for POPF risk stratification based on multimodal preoperative data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We trained AutoFRS on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging and clinical data from 108 patients undergoing pancreatic head resection and validated it on an external cohort of 61 patients. Prediction performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and balanced accuracy. In addition, model performance was compared to the updated alternative fistula risk score (ua-FRS), the current clinical gold standard method for intraoperative POPF risk stratification. RESULTS: AutoFRS achieved an AUC of 0.81 and a balanced accuracy of 0.72 in internal validation and an AUC of 0.79 and a balanced accuracy of 0.70 in external validation. In a patient subset with documented intraoperative POPF risk factors, AutoFRS (AUC: 0.84 ± 0.05) performed on par with the uaFRS (AUC: 0.85 ± 0.06). The AutoFRS web application facilitates annotation-free prediction of POPF from preoperative imaging and clinical data based on the AutoFRS prediction model. CONCLUSION: POPF can be predicted from multimodal clinical routine data without human data annotation, automating the risk prediction process. We provide additional evidence of the clinical feasibility of preoperative POPF risk stratification and introduce a software pipeline for future prospective evaluation.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3212-3223
Number of pages12
JournalInternational journal of surgery (London, England)
Volume111
Issue number5
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2025
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 40146236
ORCID /0000-0003-3258-930X/work/186184100
ORCID /0000-0002-7017-3738/work/186184368
ORCID /0000-0002-4590-1908/work/186184385
ORCID /0000-0002-2666-8776/work/186184454
ORCID /0000-0003-2265-4809/work/199217284

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • artificial intelligence, pancreatic surgery, pancreaticoduodenectomy, radiomics, surgical complications