Attraction in every sense: How looks, voice, movement and scent draw us to future lovers and friends

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Annett Schirmer - , University of Innsbruck (Author)
  • Marcel Franz - , Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Author)
  • Lea Krismann - , Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Author)
  • Vanessa Nöring - , Friedrich Schiller University Jena, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Jena, Halle, Mageburg (Author)
  • Marlen Große - , Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Author)
  • Mehmet Mahmut - , Macquarie University (Author)
  • Ilona Croy - , Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Jena, Halle, Mageburg (Author)

Abstract

What makes someone attractive has been examined for faces, in terms of common preferences, and for opposite-sex interactions. We expanded on this by considering also other non-verbal modalities, personal preferences and same-sex interactions. We presented the face, body motion, voice and body odour from 61 non-verbal agents (34 women) as stimuli in an attractiveness rating to 71 perceivers (37 women). Our results showed that the modalities were differently attractive and that some correlated more than others. Specifically, body odours were least and audio–video stimuli most attractive. Voice/looks as well as body odour/movement showed fairly robust positive associations. Both common and personal preferences accounted for variance in the data. Most effects compared between opposite- and same-sex ratings, with only a few exceptions, including that only same-sex ratings showed a clear dominance of personal over common preferences. We conclude that the different non-verbal modalities are equally relevant for attraction but differ in absolute attractiveness and redundancy, likely due to their different suitability for communicating stable (e.g. genetic) versus variable (e.g. hormonal) person characteristics. Beauty excites agreement and disagreement; it matters not only in encounters with the other sex but in social interactions more broadly.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)684-701
Number of pages18
JournalBritish Journal of Psychology
Volume116
Issue number3
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2025
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 40170421

Keywords

Keywords

  • attractiveness, first impressions, non-verbal communication, sex differences