Accelerated Formation of CsPbI3 through Controlled Amidation of Intermediate Phases

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Contributors

Abstract

The all-inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbI3 is a promising photovoltaic absorber owing to its thermal stability and suitable bandgap for tandem applications. The most common approach to depositing CsPbI3 from solution is based on the use of dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI); however, removing DMAI during crystallization is challenging, as it introduces residues that can lead to higher defect densities and trigger degradation. Here, we introduce a reaction-guided crystallization strategy based on 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoroacetate (TFTF), which undergoes a rapid ester-amine amidation reaction with DMAI during annealing. By converting DMAI into highly volatile products, the TFTF reaction drives a smooth, additive residue-free transition to γ-CsPbI3 and produces pinhole-free films with low defect densities. Devices fabricated using this strategy deliver an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.20 V and a champion efficiency of 20.8%, along with markedly improved operational stability. This intermediate-management approach provides a practical, chemically defined pathway for directing CsPbI3 crystallization and advancing high-performance inorganic iodide perovskite photovoltaics.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere71174
JournalAdvanced energy materials
Volume16
Issue number35
Early online dateJun 2026
Publication statusPublished - 16 Sept 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

Keywords

  • CsPbI perovskite, DMAI removal, ester-amine amidation reaction, photovoltaic stability, reaction-guided crystallization