In this article we discuss in detail the measurement of the fiber-matrix adhesion strength by means of a new testing system which has been developed as collaboration between the Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung (IPF) in Dresden, the Faserinstitut Bremen (FIBRE) and Textechno. The system determines the adhesion between fiber and matrix in terms of the local interfacial shear strength, the interfacial toughness and further parameters through a reproducible single-fiber pullout test. In addition, an optical measurement of the contact angle between fiber and matrix is integrated in the system. The technique is suited for all kinds of fibers as well as all kind of thermoset and thermoplastic matrices with curing and melting temperatures up to 400°C. Our discussion includes hands-on examples on the application of the testing system for various fibermatrix combinations.