A Bioinspired Sensory-CAPode With Dual Functionality: Logic Gate and Real-Time Biosensing

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Contributors

Abstract

Ionic devices, specifically electrochemical capacitor diode (CAPode) and gated variable electrochemical capacitor diode (G-CAPode), represent an innovative paradigm for energy-efficient and biomimetic next-generation logic computing. Their compactness and integrability render them ideal for ion-transistor circuits, facilitating the delivery, regulation, and pattern establishment of ionic and biomolecular signals. Here, a biocompatible sensory-electrode to develop a potential-driven ionologic platform is engineered, capable of combining unidirectional current and sensing in a sensory-CAPode system. This precise control of unidirectional response is achieved via an asymmetric electrode assembly, enabling redox reactions on a Ti-wire electrode surface with tunable overpotential. The counter electrode with high double-layer capacitance balances the faradaic reactions on the wire electrode. The fabricated CAPode exhibits excellent rectification capability and electrochemical performance, demonstrating high efficiency in a half-wave rectifier. Furthermore, ionologic devices are demonstrated as ion-sensitive systems for real-time monitoring of protons and glutathione (GSH) molecules, serving as a model system that mimics physiological conditions within tumor tissues (sensory-CAPode). The developed biocompatible electrode offers high sensitivity for real-time GSH monitoring in simulated physiological environments, making it a potential tool for early disease diagnosis and personalized healthcare. The combined logic gate and sensory functionality may enable logic biointerfacing and AI aided neuromodulation in future.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere76941
JournalAdvanced functional materials
Volume36
Issue number63
Publication statusPublished - 6 Aug 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Keywords

  • biosensing, electrochemical capacitor diode, gated variable electrochemical capacitor diode, iontronics, logic operations