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Current communication systems are designed following the Shannon paradigm. Here, the maximum number of possible messages that can be transmitted scales exponentially with the blocklength of the codewords. For future communication systems, we advocate a paradigm change towards Post-Shannon communication that allows the encoding of messages whose maximum number scales double-exponentially with the blocklength! In addition, secrecy comes "for free" in the sense that it can be incorporated without penalizing the transmission rate! This paradigm shift is the study of semantic communication instead of message only transmission. It involves a shift from the traditional design of message transmission to a new Post-Shannon design that takes the semantics of the communication into account going beyond the transmission of pure message bits. This paradigm change can bring not only marginal but also exponential gains in the efficiency of communication. Further key enabler for future communication systems are molecular communication with the identification capacity as an alternative metric and also joint communication and sensing that enables a tight integration of communication (and identification, respectively) and sensing. Accordingly, within the Post-Shannon framework, this tutorial explores identification codes, molecular communication, and the concept of joint communication, identification, and sensing.