Thanks to technological advancements, surgery is a rapidly evolving field of medicine. This chapter examines in depth how the Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (TaHiL) will help provide optimal surgical treatment in an ageing society, addressing the challenge of fewer surgeons managing a growing number of older patients. Scalable intraoperative multi-sensor analysis has the potential to create a surgical skill model to democratise access to surgical skills and expertise on a global scale. On the one hand, intuitive cooperation with collaborative robots enable for pushing boundaries to provide robotic access to surgical skills where human experts are lacking. On the other hand, immersive, tailored learning environments for human surgeons will push the boundaries towards democratisation of access to surgical expertise, enabling faster mastery of rare scenarios and new technologies. By highlighting the advancements and potential applications of TaHiL in surgery, this chapter also provides an overview of surgical requirements and cross-references for advanced technologies.