With the limitations of classical satellite communications the scientific community is looking into newer technologies to sustain and meet with the security standards and reduce the computational complexity in modern day satellite communication as we are heading to the next generation of communication. Therefore quantum mechanics has drawn attention due to the properties like superposition and entanglement, which can tackle communication problems like security. In particular, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols have already been experimentally shown in the context of satellite-to-ground communications, still with limited performances and significant trade-offs. This chapter deals with the basics of quantum computation, some of the key quantum communication technologies and recent advancements in particularly quantum satellite communication where experimental demonstrations have achieved large distances of over 1200 km and some of the ongoing research works in this field and have potential to make a breakthrough in satellite communication.