The bond behavior between reinforcement and concrete has a significant influence on the load-bearing behavior and serviceability of the composite material. This paper focuses on the characterization of the bond behavior between fine-grained concrete and mineral-impregnated carbon-fiber reinforcement. In this study, the influence of different bond lengths on local bond behavior was experimentally investigated. To predict the bond stress along the bond length, an analytical bond stress-slip model was specified, and its model parameters were determined based on the experimental tests using an iterative approximation approach. Based on the defined bond stress-slip model, a numerical bond model was developed and adjusted for the first time. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) allows the simulation of the local bond stress along the bond length. Finally, the results of the 3D FEA were compared with the results of the experimental investigations to validate the developed numerical model.