Mineral impregnations can be used to improve the bond of multifilament carbon yarns towards cementitious matrices, even at elevated temperatures. In this work, the effectiveness of Mineral-Impregnated Carbon Fibers (MCF) fabrics with a cement-based (C) and a geopolymer (GP) suspension was evaluated through direct tensile tests. The tensile mechanical behavior at room temperature and after exposure to elevated temperatures of TRCs with the C- and GP-MCF fabrics was investigated and compared to the response of a TRC with a commercially epoxy-coated (EP) carbon fabric. A DIC analysis was performed to evaluate the composites’ cracking pattern. The results showed that the TRC with MCF fabrics presented a strain-hardening behavior with a multiple-cracking pattern. While the mechanical response of the TRC with GP-MCF and EP carbon fabric was affected by the enhancement of temperature, the heating up to 300 ◦C did not significantly affect the mechanical performance of the TRC with C-MCF fabric.