The modeling of fracture and damage mechanics remains a fundamental challenge in engineering, as it requires capturing complex failure mechanisms across different materials and scales. While damage mechanics has been successfully applied in various engineering disciplines, further developments are required for materials with designed microstructures and advanced behaviours, such as snow. This chapter presents selected advancements in fracture mechanics, ranging from Griffith’s early energetic approach to state-of-the-art computational methods. Additionally, recent developments and applications in damage mechanics are discussed, highlighting its role in modeling material degradation and failure. Ongoing research continues to refine and extend these modeling approaches, expanding their applicability to increasingly complex engineering problems.