The overarching term ‘‘active transport” includes all transport modes which require physical activity to reach a destination. It encompasses (1) movement functions when people move to reach their destination and (2) place functions when people use streets and public spaces as destinations for activities to be carried out directly in the street. Pedestrians and cyclists have similarities and differences that need to be considered in all efforts for increasing active transport. Walking is the slowest of all transport modes and heavily depends on short distances to relevant destinations. Bicyclists can cover longer distances thanks to higher possible speeds; and, in terms of fostering cycling, the perceived and objective safety as well as comfort of cycling facilities play a more critical role than dense urban structures. Active transport is one integral component of future sustainable transport systems. It must be prioritized in order to meet the various societal challenges at hand.