The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftÜbersichtsartikel (Review)EingeladenBegutachtung

Beitragende

  • Ullrich Wüllner - , Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) - Standort Bonn (Autor:in)
  • Per Borghammer - , Aarhus University Hospital (AUH) (Autor:in)
  • Chi-Un Choe - , Hospital Itzehoe (Autor:in)
  • Ilona Csoti - , Gertrudis Klinik Biskirchen – Parkinson Zentrum (Autor:in)
  • Björn Falkenburger - , Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (Autor:in)
  • Thomas Gasser - , Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) - Standort Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (Autor:in)
  • Paul Lingor - , Klinikum Rechts der Isar (MRI TUM) (Autor:in)
  • Peter Riederer - , Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, University of Southern Denmark (Autor:in)

Abstract

The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD), i.e. the various clinical phenotypes, pathological findings, genetic predispositions and probably also the various implicated pathophysiological pathways pose a major challenge for future research projects and therapeutic trail design. We outline several pathophysiological concepts, pathways and mechanisms, including the presumed roles of α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, Lewy bodies, oxidative stress, iron and melanin, deficient autophagy processes, insulin and incretin signaling, T-cell autoimmunity, the gut-brain axis and the evidence that microbial (viral) agents may induce molecular hallmarks of neurodegeneration. The hypothesis is discussed, whether PD might indeed be triggered by exogenous (infectious) agents in susceptible individuals upon entry via the olfactory bulb (brain first) or the gut (body-first), which would support the idea that disease mechanisms may change over time. The unresolved heterogeneity of PD may have contributed to the failure of past clinical trials, which attempted to slow the course of PD. We thus conclude that PD patients need personalized therapeutic approaches tailored to specific phenomenological and etiologic subtypes of disease.

Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)827-838
Seitenumfang12
FachzeitschriftJournal of neural transmission
Jahrgang130
Ausgabenummer6
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - Juni 2023
Peer-Review-StatusJa

Externe IDs

PubMedCentral PMC10174621
Scopus 85159367945
ORCID /0000-0002-2387-526X/work/150328942

Schlagworte

Schlagwörter

  • Humans, Parkinson Disease/drug therapy, alpha-Synuclein/metabolism, Lewy Bodies/metabolism, Brain/metabolism, T-Lymphocytes/metabolism