The distribution of the Morchella esculenta group in Germany and France is examined based on 22 samples, a sample from Montenegro is studied as well. In the recent literature the group was often treated as a single species, M. esculenta sensu lato. Our study, based on the polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region within the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), indicates the presence of three distinct species: M. esculenta (L.) Pers., M. crassipes (Vent.) Pers.: Fr., and M. spongiola Boud. They can be identified easily by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the ITS region.