Polycomb‐mediated gene regulation in human brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftÜbersichtsartikel (Review)BeigetragenBegutachtung

Abstract

The neocortex is considered the seat of higher cognitive function in humans. It develops from a sheet of neural progenitor cells, most of which eventually give rise to neurons. This process of cell fate determination is controlled by precise temporal and spatial gene expression patterns that in turn are affected by epigenetic mechanisms including Polycomb group (PcG) regulation. PcG proteins assemble in multiprotein complexes and catalyze repressive posttranslational histone modifications. Their association with neurodevelopmental disease and various types of cancer of the central nervous system, as well as observations in mouse models, has implicated these epigenetic modifiers in controlling various stages of cortex development. The precise mechanisms conveying PcG-associated transcriptional repression remain incompletely understood and are an active field of research. PcG activity appears to be highly context-specific, raising the question of species-specific differences in the regulation of neural stem and progenitor regulation. In this review, we will discuss our growing understanding of how PcG regulation affects human cortex development, based on studies in murine model systems, but focusing mostly on findings obtained from examining impaired PcG activity in the context of human neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Furthermore, we will highlight relevant experimental approaches for functional investigations of PcG regulation in human cortex development.

Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)345-363
Seitenumfang19
FachzeitschriftDevelopmental Neurobiology
Jahrgang82
Ausgabenummer4
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 21 Apr. 2022
Peer-Review-StatusJa

Externe IDs

unpaywall 10.1002/dneu.22876
Scopus 85128578565
Mendeley 158ad9ff-6c71-36e1-9fc8-614d6de5c852
WOS 000784388100001
ORCID /0000-0002-7157-0372/work/142250594

Schlagworte

Forschungsprofillinien der TU Dresden

DFG-Fachsystematik nach Fachkollegium

Fächergruppen, Lehr- und Forschungsbereiche, Fachgebiete nach Destatis

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

Schlagwörter

  • Polycomb, epigenome editing, gene regulation, neocortex, neurodevelopmental disorder

Bibliotheksschlagworte