In 2024, the American Chemical Society (ACS), Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering (PMSE), celebrated its centennial. This historic occasion was marked at the 2024 Spring ACS Meeting in New Orleans with a Centennial Symposium entitled “PMSE Centennial: Celebration of Success and New Frontiers in Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering”. The symposium reflected on past scientific breakthroughs, technological advancements, and new frontiers in the field of polymeric materials science and engineering. Eight thematic areas comprised the symposium: Advanced Manufacturing, AI and Materials Discovery, Biomaterials, Electronic Materials, Energy, Entrepreneurship, Smart Materials, and Sustainability. The 31 distinguished speakers, representing academia, industry, and national laboratories, shared their unique perspectives. Within this Viewpoint, distinguished speakers have expanded on the symposium’s themes, summarizing key takeaways, identifying critical challenges, and exploring opportunities for continued advancements in polymer science.