In this work, the fabrication of a novel gradient surface microstructure using two-beam direct laser interference patterning is presented. Periodic structures are produced on stainless steel surfaces exhibiting simultaneous gradients in spatial period (2.0–4.8 µm) and surface roughness (Sa: 0.6–0.2 µm) over millimeter-scale lengths. Water droplets with a volume of 10 µL are released at different heights above the surfaces to characterize their capability of directional water transport. Surfaces combining gradients in both spatial period and roughness exhibit a transport distance improvement of 160% compared with reference surfaces containing only a spatial-period gradient. When droplets are released from a height of 2.2 mm, a maximum lateral displacement of 7.59 ± 0.09 mm along the spatial period gradient direction is achieved, which is ascribed to a gradient in the pinning force gradient due to the ridges asperities. Further examinations with inclined surfaces reveal that the gradient-induced pinning asymmetry can effectively counteract the gravitational force component at a tilt of 2.5°, reducing the net downhill displacement to nearly zero. The experiments performed in this work provide a novel approach to enhance the effects of surface gradients under superhydrophobic condition and explore their application potential for the directional water transportation of microliter droplets.