Adolescence is a special time to prepare people for sporting excellence. Regardless of the type of sport, intensive training has an impact on the body and mind – and may also affect pubertal development and reproductive health. Hormonal contraceptives can be used both to prevent pregnancy and to treat female athletes. In recent decades, studies in sports science and sports medicine have increasingly addressed the interaction between athletic performance and reproductive health in elite athletes. However, studies are still lacking on many issues such as: pubertal development, menstrual health, contraception and athletic performance in young female athletes.