During pregnancy and after birth, women and men may experience symptoms of psychological distress. The most common symptoms comprise pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth as well as elevated levels of depression throughout the peripartum period. Particularly burdened populations, such as parents of premature infants, are also likely to experience greatly increased stress levels. Adequate questionnaires are needed to provide a standardized and time-efficient assessment of the aforementioned symptoms. However, only few questionnaires have been validated in the German language, and with the exception of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, most of them are not very common in research and clinical practice. Furthermore, men are widely underrepresented in these questionnaires. Nevertheless, suitable screening tools are a prerequisite for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in the peripartum period. Thus, symptoms of acute distress can be alleviated and the manifestation of chronic mental disorders with adverse consequences for the child or the couple relationship can be prevented. Therefore a standardization of the instruments used might be needed for future research and clinical practice.