BACKGROUND: Long COVID, Post COVID Syndrome or PASC (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is defined as the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation. The term Long COVID will be used throughout this review. Little is known about individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions experiencing Long COVID. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of these individuals, focusing on: 1) the course of mental disorders, 2) care needs, 3) utilization of healthcare services, and 4) psychosocial aspects, as outlined by the International Classification of Functioning (ICF).

METHODS: This review followed the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. We included reports focusing on individuals with at least one pre-existing mental health diagnosis and Long COVID. Full-text reports in English or German were included, with no geographical limitations. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO on November 1, 2023, for records published between January 2020 and October 2023. Six reviewers participated in the screening process in pairs, independently conducting study selection and data extraction. Conflicts were resolved by consensus. Citation tracking was performed, and data were summarized narratively in tables.

RESULTS: From 4256 initial hits and citation tracking, 8 reports were included. The studies were heterogeneous, including chart reviews, case reports, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies. Evidence on the impact of Long COVID on pre-existing mental health conditions was inconsistent. Most findings focused on the course of mental health disorders, ranging from symptom worsening to new symptoms of anxiety, depression, or insomnia. Evidence on mental health care needs, service utilization, and psychosocial aspects was limited.

CONCLUSION: Limited evidence suggests that individuals with pre-existing mental health disorders who experience Long COVID may be at an increased risk of worsening mental health. However, critical aspects such as care needs, service utilization, and psychosocial factors remain under-researched, highlighting the need for further studies on mental health care for Long COVID.

REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/tqexa .

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.