Survivin, a recently identified inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), is expressed in diverse embryonic tissues and in various human cancers. We have investigated the quantitative expression of survivin mRNA by a sensitive TaqMan™-based RT-PCR assay in tissue samples from 94 patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Survivin transcript levels were measured and normalized to GAPDH transcripts. By using a multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found an inverse correlation between the level of survivin mRNA (ratio >2 zmol survivin/amol GAPDH) and the rate of overall survival (p = 0.009, RR = 2.7). Survivin transcript variants as detected by qualitative RT-PCR analysis were revealed in 36 of 56 STS patients (64%). Only survivin ΔEx3 and/or full-length survivin variants but not survivin 2B were identified. Our results suggest that a higher level of survivin mRNA is an independent predictor of survival for STS patients.