Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have been deeply studied over the last decades for application in bone replacement. Due to its close chemical similarity to bone mineral, synthetic HA has been extensively used in clinical applications by virtue of its high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity but shows poor resorbability. We developed a triphasic ceramic composite comprising of HA, beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and calcium silicate. In vitro studies applying human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were performed on three different types of triphasic ceramic composites, containing varying weight ratios of HA and beta-TCP/calcium silicate. Cells were cultivated over 28 days with and without osteogenic supplements. To study remodelling, a preliminary experiment for co-culture of osteoblasts and osteoclasts was performed on ceramic composite containing 80% HA. Rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured together with human monocytes which can be differentiated into osteoclasts. Results showed that hMSC exhibited rapid adhesion and high proliferation rates on the ceramic composite materials. Osteogenic induced hMSC showed an increase of alkaline phosphatase activity on all examined materials. Transcription of genes coding for alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein II was also increased for all three materials. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy investigations demonstrated that osteoclast-like cells were developed from human monocytes on ceramics containing 80% HA. These findings indicate that the novel prepared triphasic ceramic composites support adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC as well as osteoclastogenesis of human monocytes in co-culture with osteoblasts.