The increasing diversity of goods structures in the global supply chain has led to a need for varying inventory policies and different rail services. Understanding the heterogeneity of services in international rail transport is essential to meet these needs effectively. Existing research has focused on market segmentation in other transportation sectors, such as passenger transport, airfreight, and maritime transport. Previous research on the global supply chain and rail system has primarily been conducted isolated, whereas this paper focuses on the intersection of the two systems. This area of research is relatively novel and requires deep exploration. Using “Lean” and “Agile” principles, this paper proposes efficient, continuous replenishment, and responsive rail supply chain strategies that support market segmentation and service differentiation. These strategies ultimately contribute to integrating rail transport into the global supply chain by improving and diversifying international rail services. Additionally, managers of rail and logistics companies can benefit from this research by better understanding the value creation process, the specific characteristics of international rail transport, and the requirements of global supply chains.