Dementia disorders such as Alzheimer`s disease (AD) are not exclusively characterized by memory deficits, but also by false memories. False memories are relevant with regard to functional impairments in various areas of life and also entail potential risks. Moreover, false memories are more specific predictors for amyloid pathology in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, and therefore require consideration in contextualized dementia diagnostics. In addition to functional impairment in the medial temporal lobe, according to recent literature, deficient frontal and executive functions are also important in the development of false memories. At present, little is known about the association between memory errors and brain structural aspects in non-AD dementias.