Within the last 20 years various achievements have been made in the treatment of rectal cancer, improving survival and quality of life of rectal cancer patients. Especially the introduction of the total mesorectal excision (TME) and the use of modern staplers, making anastomoses possible in the deep pelvis, have increased our ability to cure more and more low rectal cancers by sphincter-preserving low anterior resections. Consequently, the interest in functional results after rectal reservoir reconstruction has increased significantly. Various randomized controlled trials have shown that the colon J-pouch (CJP) as a rectal reservoir reconstruction leads to better early functional results compared to the straight coloanal anastomosis (CAA). However, 30% of the patients with CJP faced late evacuation problems, requiring the chronic use of enemas or laxatives. This rate could be decreased to 10% by shortening the limb of the CJP from 8-10 cm to 5-6 cm. The transverse coloplasty pouch (TCP) was developed to provide early functional results comparable to the CJP, while avoiding these late evacuation problems. We report the early postoperative and functional results of 106 patients undergoing low anterior resections with TCP due to rectal cancer between October 2001 and the end of September 2003. Furthermore, we report on a single-center randomized controlled trial to compare the new TCP technique with the gold standard technique of CJP, which we started in October 2002. The objectives were to compare the two pouch reconstruction techniques in terms of morbidity, mortality and functional results.