The integration of extremely large (XL) antenna arrays with ultra wideband (UWB) communication is pivotal for next-generation networks. However, the multitude of candidate beams renders conventional analog phase shifters (APSs)-based training prohibitively costly, necessitating true-time delay (TTD)-based frequency-dependent beamforming. We design a codebook mapping distinct orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers to unique spatial angles, enabling full angular coverage within a single OFDM symbol. To address practical TTD limitations–finite delay range and resolution–we propose a multi-stage delay-phase-precoding (MSDPP) architecture that mitigates hardware-induced distortions. Simulations demonstrate that MSDPP achieves near-optimal spectral efficiency (SE) with at least a 2dB gain over state-of-the-art designs, alongside up to 63% higher energy efficiency (EE).